![]() ![]() See Table 9.1 for a list of hormones associated with each of these glands and their effects. This module will focus on medications that affect three major endocrine glands and their hormones: the adrenal glands, the pancreas, and the thyroid. ![]() Figure 9.1 Overview of the Endocrine System For example, the pancreas contains cells that function in digestion, as well as cells that secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood glucose levels. Some of these glands have both endocrine and nonendocrine functions. See Figure 9.1 for an illustration of the endocrine system. Some of the glands in the endocrine system include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands. Hormones are transported primarily via the bloodstream throughout the body, where they bind to receptors on target cells, inducing a characteristic response. These hormone signals are sent by the endocrine organs. Whereas the nervous system uses neurotransmitters to communicate, the endocrine system uses hormones for chemical signaling. This long-distance intercellular communication, coordination, and control are critical for homeostasis, and it is the fundamental function of the endocrine system. Similarly, certain cells send chemical signals to other cells in the body that influence their behavior. You may never have thought of it this way, but when you send a text message to two friends to meet you at a restaurant at six, you’re sending digital signals that you hope will affect their behavior-even though they are some distance away. ![]()
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